For medical students, healthcare professionals, and anyone entering the surgical field, learning the names, appearances, and functions of surgical instruments is a key step toward understanding operative procedures.
Surgical instruments are the backbone of every medical procedure. From routine wound care to complex operations performed in modern operating rooms, every surgical procedure requires special tools.
Each surgical instrument is designed with a specific purpose, allowing surgeons, nurses, and medical teams to work with precision, control, and efficiency during patient care.
Whether a surgical tool is used for cutting, grasping, retracting, clamping, suturing, or examining tissue, every piece of equipment plays a unique role in supporting successful surgical outcomes.
Recognizing these tools not only builds technical knowledge but also improves familiarity with surgical setups, instrument handling, and sterile practices used in hospitals and clinics worldwide.
In this article, you will explore 100 surgical instruments along with their pictures and uses.
For easier understanding, surgical instruments are divided into categories to allow quick identification, practical learning, and a clearer view of how these tools are used across different surgical specialties.
Surgical Scissors
Lister Bandage Scissors
Lister Bandage Scissors are stainless steel surgical instruments designed for the safe and easy removal of bandages, dressings, and medical tapes. Their angled blades and blunt tips reduce the risk of skin injury while allowing smooth and precise cutting.
Applications:
• Removing bandages and wound dressings in hospitals and clinics.
• Used in emergency rooms, ambulances, and first aid kits.
• Assisting caregivers during home wound care and dressing changes.
Mayo Dissecting Scissors Supercut Straight
Mayo Dissecting Scissors Supercut Straight are precision surgical scissors commonly used in neurosurgical and delicate tissue dissection procedures. They feature a razor-sharp upper blade and a micro-serrated lower blade for smooth, controlled cutting with high accuracy.
Applications:
• Performing fine tissue dissection in neurosurgical procedures.
• Cutting delicate soft tissues with improved precision and control.
• Used in operating rooms for sterile and repeated surgical use.
Metzenbaum Scissors Tungsten Carbide Curve
Metzenbaum scissors are delicate surgical scissors designed for blunt dissection and precise cutting of soft tissues. They are made from German stainless steel with tungsten carbide inserts. Metzenbaum scissors offer durability, sharpness, and long-lasting performance in surgical procedures.
Applications:
• Blunt dissection of delicate tissues during surgical procedures.
• Precise cutting in general, plastic, and cardiovascular surgeries.
• Used in sterile operating environments for repeated surgical use.
Operating Scissors Sharp Sharp Curved Super Sharp Tungsten Carbide
Operating Scissors Sharp/Sharp Curved Super-Sharp are surgical scissors designed for precise cutting of superficial and internal body tissues during medical procedures. They are made from German stainless steel with tungsten carbide inserts, which make them durable, sharp, and corrosion-resistant.
Applications:
• Cutting soft tissues during surgical procedures.
• Used in general and specialized surgeries for precise dissection.
• Suitable for repeated sterilization and long-term surgical use.
Stitch Suture Removal Scissors 5 1/2" Straight Color Coated
Stitch Suture Removal Scissors feature curved upper and lower blades designed for safe and controlled removal of sutures from healed wounds. They are made from German stainless steel and offer strength, durability, and corrosion resistance.
Applications:
• Removing stitches after surgical procedures once healing has progressed.
• Used in hospitals, clinics, and outpatient departments for wound follow-up care.
• Assisting healthcare providers in dressing changes and minor postoperative care.
Iris Scissors 4 1/2" Straight Color Coated
Iris scissors are fine surgical scissors designed for precise cutting in delicate procedures, especially eye surgeries. They have short, sharp, pointed tips designed for cutting delicate tissues and trimming sutures with high precision.
Applications:
• Used in eye surgery to cut delicate tissues.
• Suitable for fine dissection in plastic and microsurgical procedures.
• Assisting in the precise trimming of soft tissues in clinical environments.
Stevens Tenotomy Scissors Supercut
SuperCut Stevens Tenotomy Scissors are precision surgical scissors designed for cutting delicate and sensitive tissues with smooth control. They feature sharp, finely tipped blades that allow accurate and clean dissection in tight or delicate areas.
Applications:
• Ophthalmic, neurosurgical, and microsurgical procedures for fine tissue cutting
• Plastic surgery for delicate dissection and trimming
• General and ENT procedures for controlled cutting of soft tissues
Strabismus Scissors Standard
Strabismus scissors, standard straight, are versatile surgical scissors designed for precise cutting and dissection in various procedures. They feature a balanced straight design that allows controlled handling in delicate areas.
Applications:
• Ophthalmic and strabismus procedures for muscle and tissue dissection
• General surgery for controlled cutting of soft tissues
• Plastic and reconstructive procedures for fascia and muscle work
Stevens Tenotomy Scissors Tungsten Carbide
Stevens tenotomy scissors are precision surgical scissors designed for dissecting and cutting sensitive tissues with smooth control. They come in straight or curved designs, with additional size options available for different surgical needs.
Applications:
• Ophthalmic procedures for delicate tissue dissection
• Plastic surgery for fine cutting and trimming of soft tissues
• General and microsurgical procedures for precise handling of small structures
Noyes Micro Scissors
Noyes Micro Scissors are versatile surgical instruments available in angled, straight, and curved designs to support different surgical approaches. They feature blunt tips for safer tissue handling and a spring handle for smooth control and fine maneuvering.
Applications:
• Dermatologic procedures for fine tissue trimming
• Nerve-related procedures for careful dissection and tissue removal
• General microsurgical tasks requiring precise control
Needle Holders
Olsen Hegar Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
Olsen Hegar needle holders are finely designed instruments used for suturing across a range of surgical procedures. They feature built-in scissors, fenestrated jaws, and a textured gripping surface that supports steady control and secure needle handling during suturing.
Applications:
• Wound closure in surgeries
• Holding curved needles during suturing
• Cutting suture threads with precision
Mayo Hegar Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
Mayo Hegar needle holders are designed for secure needle handling during suturing procedures. They feature strong jaws with a firm gripping surface that helps maintain control while working with various suture sizes. Unlike Olsen Hegar models, they do not include a built-in cutting blade for trimming sutures.
Applications:
• Wound closure in general surgery
• Holding curved needles during suturing
• Suturing in gynecological and abdominal procedures
Crile-Wood Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
Crile Wood needle holders are used to firmly hold small suture needles during surgical procedures. The holders are designed with a straight pattern that supports a stable grip, smooth jaw movement, and serrated gripping surfaces for better control.
Applications:
• Wound closure in general surgery
• Holding small suture needles during suturing
• Plastic and reconstructive procedures require precise needle control
Mathieu Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
Mathieu needle holders are designed to securely hold suturing needles during various surgical procedures. The instrument combines palm-held handles, serrated jaws, and scissor action for controlled handling during suturing. Its compact spring-loaded design allows smooth thumb-operated control with a steady grip and precise movement.
Applications:
• Wound closure in surgeries
• Holding suturing needles during surgeries
• General surgical procedures requiring controlled needle handling
Castroviejo Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
Castroviejo needle holders are precision instruments designed with reinforced tungsten carbide inserts in the jaws for a firm, non-slip grip. The spring-action squeeze-to-lock and unlock mechanism removes the need for finger rings, supporting fingertip control and reducing hand strain during fine procedures.
Applications:
• Holding needles for wound closure
• To hold and work with extremely fine sutures
• Used in ophthalmology, dentistry, cardiovascular, reconstructive, neuro, and microsurgeries
Jacobson Microvascular Needle Holders
The Jacobson Microvascular needle holder is a precision surgical instrument designed for handling fine suturing needles in microvascular procedures. It is built with fine jaws that support accurate needle control in restricted surgical fields. The ergonomic spring-action design allows smooth handling and precise fingertip control during delicate work.
Applications:
• Holding needles for suturing
• Neurosurgery for fine tissue suturing
• Used in cardiovascular and reconstructive surgery for microvascular repair
Heaney Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
The Heaney needle holder is designed to firmly hold suturing needles with a single-spring mechanism for controlled handling during surgical procedures. The instrument has a curved design with serrated jaws to provide a secure grip on needles.
Applications:
• Gynecological surgeries for uterine and pelvic suturing
• General surgery for wound closure and tissue repair
• Abdominal procedures requiring secure needle handling
Webster Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
The Webster needle holder is a delicate, lightweight surgical instrument designed for the precise handling of very fine suturing needles. It features ring handles with a ratchet lock and slender tapered jaws that may be smooth or finely cross-serrated, allowing secure control without damaging small needles.
Applications:
• Ideal for grasping and manipulating micro-needles and fine sutures
• Used in confined space procedures and microsurgeries such as ENT, ophthalmology, plastic, and reconstructive surgeries
• Preferred in pediatric surgeries requiring micro-needle control
Sarot Needle Holders Tungsten Carbide
Sarot needle holders have a design similar to hemostats, featuring short, thick jaws for strong and stable needle control. They include finger ring handles that help reduce slipping during use. The instrument has a pyramid-shaped jaw structure with precision-milled teeth to maintain a firm grip on needles without slippage.
Applications:
• Ideal for delicate procedures like suturing small blood vessels
• General surgery and gynecological procedures for suturing
• Orthopedic and deep tissue procedures that require a strong needle grip
Gillies Needle Holders One Large Offset Ring Tungsten Carbide Curved Tip
The Gillies needle holder has an offset ring design with a curved tip that supports controlled access and precise needle placement at difficult angles. The Gillies needle holder is a dual-function instrument that integrates a needle holder and suture cutting scissors in one design.
Applications:
• General surgery for wound and incision closure
• Plastic surgery for delicate tissue suturing
• ENT and reconstructive procedures requiring angled needle access
Hemostatic Forceps
Kocher Hemostatic Forceps
Kocher hemostatic forceps feature 1x2 teeth, transverse serrations, and straight or curved jaws for secure and stable vessel clamping. The ratchet locking system allows firm holding without continuous pressure.
Applications:
• General surgery for controlling bleeding and clamping vessels
• Gallbladder and thyroid procedures for tissue and vessel handling
• Grasping and holding skin, muscle fibers, and other tough tissues during surgical procedures
Rochester Ochsner Hemostatic Forceps Straight
Rochester Ochsner hemostatic forceps are used for clamping major blood vessels and controlling bleeding during various surgical procedures. They are designed with multiple variations to suit different surgical needs and can also be customized based on requirements.
Applications:
• General surgery for vessel clamping and bleeding control
• Gynecological procedures for tissue and vessel management
• Orthopedic surgery for handling tough tissues and deep wound clamping
Crile Hemostatic Forceps
Crile hemostatic forceps have serrated jaws that provide a secure hold, while the ratchet lock allows controlled, hands-free positioning. The ergonomic design supports steady vessel clamping and tissue handling during longer operations.
Applications:
• General surgery for vessel clamping and bleeding control
• Plastic surgery for tissue handling and hemostasis in reconstructive procedures
• Laparotomy procedures for vessel clamping and tissue control before ligation or cauterization
Halstead Mosquito Forceps Curved
Halstead mosquito forceps are used for clamping small blood vessels and soft tissues during surgical procedures. The fine, curved jaws allow precise control in confined areas, while the ratchet-locking system supports steady clamping for effective hemostasis and gentle tissue handling.
Applications:
• General surgery for clamping small vessels and controlling bleeding
• Plastic surgery for handling delicate tissues during skin grafting
• Ophthalmic surgery for precise manipulation in delicate eye procedures
Schnidt Tonsil Hemostatic Forceps
Schnidt Tonsil hemostatic forceps are used to clamp blood vessels and control bleeding during surgical procedures. The angled design supports access to narrow or deep areas, while the ratchet locking mechanism allows steady clamping with reduced hand effort.
Applications:
• Used for easy placement and removal of tonsil sponges or gauze packs.
• General surgery for clamping blood vessels during dissection
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery for bleeding control in confined surgical sites
Rochester Pean Hemostatic Forceps Straight
Rochester Pean hemostatic forceps with serrated jaws are designed for clamping blood vessels and securely grasping loose objects during surgical procedures. Their straight profile supports controlled handling in both superficial and deeper operative areas, while the serrated jaws provide a firm, non-slip grip.
Applications:
• General surgery for vessel clamping and bleeding control
• Surgical procedures for retrieving loose objects
• Gynecological and abdominal surgeries for tissue and vessel handling
Kelly Hemostatic Forceps
Kelly hemostatic forceps are designed to give surgeons steady control during a wide range of procedures. They feature straight or curved serrated jaws that allow secure clamping of large vessels and dense tissues. The ratchet locking system maintains a fixed grip, while ergonomic handles and wide finger rings reduce hand strain during prolonged use.
Applications:
• Clamping large blood vessels in general surgery
• Tissue manipulation and hemostasis in plastic and reconstructive surgeries
• Soft tissue dissection and handling during various surgical procedures
Ferguson Angiotribe Forceps Curved
Ferguson Angiotribe forceps are designed for clamping blood vessels and achieving reliable hemostasis in vascular and cardiovascular procedures. Their curved, serrated jaws support access to deep or confined areas while maintaining a firm grip on vessels.
Applications:
• Vascular surgery for vessel clamping and bleeding control
• Cardiovascular procedures for hemostasis and vessel occlusion
• General surgery for managing bleeding in deep or confined surgical fields
Hartman Hemostatic Forceps
Hartman hemostatic forceps are versatile surgical instruments designed for handling delicate tissues and small vessels with precision during various procedures. They feature fine, fully serrated jaws that provide a secure grip while minimizing tissue trauma. Their curved blade design supports access in tight surgical areas.
Applications:
• General surgery for clamping small vessels and controlling bleeding
• Tissue dissection in shallow wounds and fine surgical fields
• Ophthalmic and plastic surgery for delicate handling and suturing support
Mikulicz Hemostatic Forceps 1x2 Teeth 8" Slightly Curved
Mikulicz hemostatic forceps are slightly curved instruments with 1x2 teeth designed for secure clamping of blood vessels and delicate tissues during surgical procedures. They are especially suited for gynecological and neonatal surgeries, offering a strong grip and reliable control.
Applications:
• Gynecological procedures for tissue dissection and hemostasis in pelvic surgeries
• General, plastic, and reconstructive surgeries for handling delicate tissues and small vessels
• Neonatal and pediatric surgery for careful vessel and tissue management
Arthroplasty Instruments
Punch Standard Straight Tip 3.4mm Straight Shaft
The Punch Standard Straight Tip 3.4 mm Straight Shaft arthroplasty instrument is designed for precise tissue resection and shaping in minimally invasive orthopedic and arthroscopic procedures. It features a 3.4mm straight tip that supports clean, controlled cutting of cartilage and soft tissues.
Applications:
• Arthroscopic surgery for tissue resection and shaping
• Orthopedic procedures for cartilage and soft tissue removal
• Minimally invasive surgeries that require controlled cutting and precision
Punch Wide Bite 90° Rotary Tip 3.4mm Straight Shaft
The Punch Wide Bite 90° is an orthopedic and arthroscopic surgical punch designed for precision and versatility in joint procedures. Its 90° rotary tip provides improved access into confined or curved areas, allowing controlled cutting and removal of tissue with better reach. The 3.4mm tip diameter delivers a balance of strength and accuracy, while the straight shaft supports steady handling during use.
Applications:
• Arthroscopic surgery for cutting and removing soft tissue
• Orthopedic procedures for joint tissue shaping and resection
• Minimally invasive surgeries involving curved or hard-to-reach anatomical areas
Punch Wide Bite 15° Up Tip 3.4mm Straight Shaft
The Punch Wide Bite 15° is an orthopedic and arthroscopic surgical punch designed for precise tissue cutting and shaping in joint procedures. The 15° up-angled tip allows improved access to elevated or hard-to-reach areas while maintaining clear visualization and control. It's 3.4mm wide, bite supports efficient tissue engagement, and the straight shaft adds stability during use.
Applications:
• Arthroscopic surgery for soft tissue trimming and removal
• Orthopedic procedures for joint resection and shaping
• Minimally invasive surgeries involving angled or elevated tissue areas
Grasper Mini Straight Tip 2.75mm 15° Up Curved jaw Shaft with Handle
The Grasper Mini Straight Tip 15° is an orthopedic and arthroscopic surgical instrument designed for precise grasping and manipulation of delicate tissues in confined spaces. It features a 2.75 mm mini straight tip combined with a 15° upward curved jaw for improved reach, visibility, and controlled handling, while the straight shaft supports stability during use. The ergonomic handle allows a secure grip, and the surgical stainless steel construction offers corrosion resistance and consistent performance through repeated sterilization.
Applications:
• Arthroscopic procedures for grasping and manipulating soft tissue
• Orthopedic surgeries for handling delicate joint structures
• Minimally invasive procedures that require precise tissue control
Arthroscopic Surgical Instrument - Triangle Handle
The Arthroscopic Surgical Instrument – Triangle Handle is designed for precise handling and control during minimally invasive orthopedic procedures. The triangular handle design improves grip stability and allows better torque control while working in confined joint spaces.
Applications:
• Arthroscopic procedures for joint examination and treatment
• Orthopedic surgeries for tissue manipulation and repair
• Minimally invasive procedures requiring controlled instrument handling
Foot And Ankle Instruments
Bone Fragment Clamp
Bone fragment clamps are orthopedic instruments used for holding and stabilizing bone fragments during various surgical procedures. They support bone reduction and fixation tasks, including positioning for plates and other fixation systems.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgeries for bone reduction and fragment stabilization
• Fracture fixation procedures involving plates and screws
• Reconstructive bone surgeries that require the stable holding of bone segments
Pointed Fracture Reduction Clamps with Speed Lock
Pointed Fracture Reduction Clamps are orthopedic instruments used for precise handling and alignment of small bone fragments during surgery. The pointed tips allow secure grasping, while the speed lock mechanism supports quick one-handed fixation and stable control during reduction.
Applications:
• Orthopedic fracture reduction for small bone fragments
• Bone alignment during fixation procedures
• Trauma surgeries requiring controlled fragment stabilization
Bone Reduction Forceps Curved
Bone reduction forceps are orthopedic instruments designed to grasp and stabilize dense bone structures, especially in deeper surgical areas. They assist in aligning and setting bone fractures while maintaining a firm and controlled hold. Available in multiple sizes and tip variations, they support different anatomical and procedural needs.
Applications:
• Orthopedic fracture reduction and alignment
• Stabilizing bone segments during fixation procedures
• Deep bone handling in trauma and reconstructive surgeries
Lewin Bone Forceps 7" Slightly Curved Serrated Jaws
Lewin bone forceps are orthopedic instruments used for grasping and handling bone during surgical procedures. They feature slightly curved serrated jaws for a secure grip, along with a ring handle and ratcheting mechanism that supports steady manual control.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgeries for bone holding and manipulation
• Fracture procedures for alignment and stabilization
• Reconstructive surgeries involving bone handling
Bone Fragment Clamps With Speed Lock 5 1/2"
Bone fragment clamps are orthopedic instruments used for holding and manipulating bone fragments during surgical procedures. The speed lock mechanism allows fast and controlled clamping, while the pointed jaws provide a secure grip with minimal slippage.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for fracture fixation
• Bone fragment manipulation during reduction procedures
• Stabilizing bone segments in reconstructive and trauma surgeries
Phalangeal Forceps 6" Internal Opening Dia 4mm
The Phalangeal forceps are orthopedic instruments designed for handling phalangeal bones. Their design features small circular or semi-circular jaws and a locking ratchet. They are especially useful for working with slender and less dense bone structures. Their design helps keep bones firmly positioned to prevent slipping and maintain alignment.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgeries involving finger bone fractures
• Phalangeal bone fixation and alignment procedures
• Hand surgeries requiring precise bone handling
Senn Retractors T-Handle
The Senn Retractors are designed to provide stable retraction and clear exposure during surgical procedures. The T-handle design allows smooth manipulation and secure positioning from different angles, supporting better access to the surgical site.
Applications:
• General surgery for tissue retraction and exposure
• Orthopedic procedures for maintaining access to deep surgical areas
• Gynecological and abdominal surgeries requiring controlled retraction
Carpal Tunnel Retractors 6"
Carpal tunnel retractors are surgical instruments designed to assist in carpal tunnel release procedures by gently retracting soft tissues for clear access to the median nerve. They improve visibility in the operative field while minimizing disruption to surrounding structures.
Applications:
• Carpal tunnel release procedures for median nerve exposure
• Hand and wrist surgeries requiring soft tissue retraction
• Microsurgical procedures involving controlled access to narrow operative areas
Osteotomes Curette 8.25"
An osteotome is a surgical instrument used to cut, shape, and remove bone and cartilage during orthopedic procedures. It helps expose bleeding bone surfaces and is also used to create a bone window for harvesting cancellous bone for autografts. Osteotomes are chisel-shaped instruments with a sharp beveled edge for controlled bone cutting and shaping. They have a strong shaft and a secure handle that allows precise force application during use.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone cutting and shaping
• Removal of osteophytes and damaged cartilage
• Bone grafting procedures involving cancellous bone harvesting
Gap Clamp for Cortical Button Distal Bicep Repair 8"
The instrument features tapered jaws equally placed on the arms of the instrument. In addition to the tapered jaws, it has a ratchet lock mechanism that secures the instrument firmly in position. The compact, balanced design supports stable handling and controlled application during surgical use.
Applications:
• Cortical button placement in orthopedic fixation procedures
• Fracture repair surgeries that require secure bone stabilization
• Reconstructive procedures involving controlled clamp positioning
Surgical Retractors
Weitlaner Retractor Sharp
Weitlaner retractors are self-retaining surgical instruments designed to hold back tissues, muscles, and organs for improved access to the operative field. They feature sharp, hooked prongs that provide a secure grip with minimal tissue disruption. The ratchet lock mechanism keeps the blades fixed in position after adjustment, supporting stable exposure throughout the procedure.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for exposure of bone and joint areas
• General surgery for maintaining open surgical fields
• Plastic surgery for soft tissue retraction and access
Mini Hohmann Retractors
Mini Hohmann retractors are surgical instruments designed for gentle tissue retraction while minimizing tissue trauma during procedures. Their narrow profile allows easy access to confined surgical sites, supporting clear exposure of the operative area.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone and joint exposure
• Small incision procedures requiring narrow access retraction
• General surgery for gentle tissue and soft structure retraction
Balfour Abdominal Retractor Standard (Without Ratchet)
The Balfour abdominal retractor is a surgical instrument used to maintain continuous retraction of abdominal incisions during procedures. The non-ratchet design requires manual adjustment. It features a stable frame with side and center blades that provide clear exposure of the operative field.
Applications:
• Abdominal and laparotomy procedures for surgical exposure
• General surgery for maintaining open incisions
• Procedures requiring sustained abdominal wall retraction
Roux Retractor Double-Ended
The Roux retractor Set is designed to hold surrounding tissues aside while maintaining clear visibility of the surgical field for improved precision during procedures. It features a strong grip with a slim, flexible shaft that allows controlled positioning and stable retraction.
Applications:
• General surgery for tissue retraction and exposure
• Orthopedic procedures requiring clear operative access
• Plastic and reconstructive surgeries for controlled soft tissue handling
Meyerding Finger Retractor 7"
Meyerding finger retractors are surgical instruments designed to hold back tissues, muscles, and organs during various procedures. They feature a smooth, rounded handle with a downward lip and are available in multiple blade types, including blunt, curved, sharp prongs, and toothed versions for different retraction needs.
Applications:
• General surgery for soft tissue and muscle retraction
• Orthopedic procedures for deep surgical exposure
• Abdominal surgeries for maintaining clear operative access
Chandler Retractors
The Chandler retractor is a versatile surgical instrument designed for retracting soft tissue away from bone during various orthopedic procedures. It features a flexible design with a blunt tip that helps provide controlled tissue handling while reducing tissue disruption.
Applications:
• Orthopedic knee surgeries for soft tissue retraction
• Hip replacement procedures for bone exposure
• General orthopedic procedures requiring controlled tissue separation
Deaver Retractor 12" X 2" Thin or Grip Handle
Deaver retractors are surgical instruments designed for deep tissue retraction during a variety of procedures. Their long, curved blades allow effective displacement of organs and soft tissues to improve access to deeper surgical areas.
Applications:
• Abdominal surgeries such as cholecystectomy
• Chest surgeries requiring deep tissue retraction
• Procedures involving organ displacement for improved access to the operative field
Cobra Retractors
Cobra retractors are surgical instruments designed to hold back soft tissues or organs, providing clear access to the operative field. They feature a cobra-shaped curved blade that lifts tissue effectively, while smooth edges help reduce tissue injury. The ergonomic handle supports a secure grip.
Applications:
• Soft tissue retraction in general surgery
• Exposure in orthopedic and thoracic procedures
• Improving visibility during deep surgical incisions
Gelpi Crossover Retractor (Neroma) Deep Angle
Gelpi Crossover retractor (Neroma) Deep Angle is a precision surgical instrument used for retracting soft tissues and maintaining clear exposure in deep surgical sites. Its crossover design with sharply angled prongs allows effective access in narrow and confined areas, while the self-retaining ratchet system supports hands-free operation.
Applications:
• Orthopedic procedures for deep soft tissue retraction
• Surgical exposure in narrow or confined operative fields
• Maintaining stable access during procedures requiring hands-free retraction
Gelpi Retractor Right Angle 90°
Gelpi retractors Right Angle (90-Degree) are surgical instruments designed to hold back tissues and organs during procedures requiring deep and stable exposure. They feature finger ring handles, a ratchet locking system, and 90-degree angled tips that allow secure placement in deeper surgical areas. Their design supports clear access beneath the incision while maintaining steady retraction.
Applications:
• Spinal surgeries for tissue and muscle retraction
• Orthopedic procedures that require deep surgical exposure
• General surgeries that need controlled access to the underlying structures
Glenoid Retractors
Glenoid retractors are surgical instruments designed to hold back the humeral head and provide access to the glenoid region during shoulder procedures. They are available in multiple widths and lengths, along with different blade designs.
Applications:
• Shoulder surgeries involving glenoid exposure
• Acromion resection procedures for joint access
• Orthopedic procedures requiring humeral head retraction
PCL Knee Retractor System
PCL knee retractor systems are orthopedic surgical instruments commonly used in knee and hip procedures for stable tissue and joint retraction. They feature a ratcheting mechanism with short or long strap configurations that allow secure positioning during surgery.
Applications:
• Knee surgeries for joint exposure and retraction
• Hip procedures that require stable tissue positioning
• Orthopedic surgeries involving controlled operative access
Proximal Femoral Elevators
Proximal femoral elevators are orthopedic instruments designed for retracting and protecting skin, the capsule, subcutaneous fat, and abductor tissues during femoral procedures. Their trough-shaped design provides improved access to the intramedullary canal while supporting controlled tissue elevation and protection.
Applications:
• Hip and femoral surgeries for soft tissue retraction
• Procedures involving access to the intramedullary canal
• Orthopedic operations requiring protected tissue elevation
Mayo Adams Retractor 6 3/4"
The Mayo Adams retractor is a double-ended surgical instrument designed for versatile tissue retraction across different procedures. It features U-shaped blades and a ring handle. One end features a sharp blade while the opposite end is blunt, allowing surgeons to choose the most suitable retraction style for the operative field.
Applications:
• General surgery for soft tissue retraction
• Orthopedic procedures requiring controlled exposure
• Plastic and reconstructive surgeries for precise tissue handling
Stifle Retractors Davis Speed Lock
Stifle Retractors Davis Speed Lock are orthopedic surgical instruments designed for opening and maintaining access to the stifle joint during knee procedures. The ratchet locking mechanism provides firm control and stable positioning throughout the procedure.
Applications:
• Knee surgeries involving stifle joint exposure
• TTA implant procedures for stable joint access
• Cruciate ligament repair surgeries that require controlled retraction
Square Surgical Retractor
Square Surgical retractor is an orthopedic instrument used for retracting tissues and muscles during surgical procedures. It features a square frame with multiple holding positions and a fixed end for the standard blade, along with five interchangeable blades of different sizes for versatile use. Its design supports stable retraction and adjustable exposure of the surgical field.
Applications:
• Orthopedic procedures for tissue and muscle retraction
• Surgeries requiring adjustable multipoint exposure
• Procedures needing stable and controlled surgical field access
Senn Miller Retractor
The Senn Miller handheld retractor is a surgical instrument designed for retracting and holding back tissues and muscles during procedures. It features a flat central handle with two functional ends, one with a solid L-shaped blade and the other with a three-pronged claw for versatile tissue retraction.
Applications:
• General surgery for soft tissue retraction
• Orthopedic procedures for muscle and tissue exposure
• Plastic and reconstructive surgeries for controlled access to the surgical site
Desmarres Lid Retractors 5 1/2"
Desmarres lid retractors are ophthalmic surgical instruments designed to gently retract the eyelids and eyelashes during eye procedures. They feature curved blades that follow the natural contour of the eye, allowing smooth and controlled retraction with reduced tissue stress. The dual adjustable blades provide flexible positioning for clear exposure of the surgical field.
Applications:
• Ophthalmic procedures such as intravitreal injections
• Eye surgeries requiring eyelid and lash retraction
• Minor ocular procedures needing clear corneal and conjunctival exposure
Double Action Rongeurs
Ruskin Rongeur Straight
The Ruskin rongeur is a surgical instrument designed for bone handling and removal during orthopedic procedures. It features a double-action mechanism with a scoop-type jaw that allows controlled access and efficient bone biting in surgical areas. Available in multiple variations, it supports different procedural needs and anatomical requirements.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone cutting and removal
• Spinal procedures for lamina and bone trimming
• Reconstructive surgeries requiring precise bone shaping
Stille Luer Rongeur Straight
The Stille Luer rongeur is a surgical instrument designed for bone removal and shaping during orthopedic and neurological procedures. It resembles a pair of heavy-duty pliers with a double-action joint mechanism that supports smooth handling and controlled bone cutting.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone trimming and removal
• Neurosurgery for spinal cord and vertebral procedures
• Spinal surgery for lamina and bone reshaping
Sauerbruch Rongeur
The Sauerbruch rongeur is a surgical instrument designed for cutting and removing hard tissues and bone during orthopedic procedures. Its unique structure and double-action mechanism allow smooth and controlled bone biting with reduced effort.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone removal and reshaping
• Spinal procedures for vertebral and lamina trimming
• Reconstructive surgeries involving hard tissue management
Leksell Rongeur Strong Curved
The Leksell rongeur is a surgical instrument used for bone gouging and removal in orthopedic procedures. Its design features a fully curved 50-degree structure with high tensile strength and a chemically inert surface for stable performance during surgical use.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone cutting and gouging
• Spinal procedures for vertebral and lamina removal
• Reconstructive surgeries requiring controlled bone shaping
Spurling Kerrison Rongeur
Spurling Kerrison Rongeur Up
The Spurling Kerrison rongeur is a specialized surgical instrument used for removing small bone, cartilage, and delicate tissue during orthopedic procedures. It features a large handle, a wide opening, a thin cutting plate, and an upward-angled profile that supports controlled access in tight anatomical spaces. It is also known as the Love Style Kerrison Rongeur.
Applications:
• Spinal surgery for lamina and bone removal
• Orthopedic procedures involving cartilage and small bone trimming
• Neurosurgical procedures requiring precise tissue and bone work
Spurling Kerrison Rongeur Forward
The Spurling Kerrison rongeur is a surgical instrument designed for handling delicate tendons and cartilage during orthopedic procedures. It features a large handle, broad opening, downward-angled profile, footplate, and self-opening handles that support controlled and precise bone and tissue removal.
Applications:
• Spinal surgery for bone and lamina removal
• Orthopedic procedures for cartilage and small bone trimming
• Neurosurgical procedures requiring precise tissue and bone work
Spurling Kerrison Rongeur Down
The Spurling Kerrison rongeur is designed for orthopedic procedures involving delicate tissues, tendons, and cartilage. It features a downward-angled profile that supports versatility across different surgical approaches.
Applications:
• Spinal surgery for lamina and bone trimming
• Orthopedic procedures for cartilage and soft tissue removal
• Neurosurgical procedures requiring fine bone work
Spurling Kerrison Rongeur 5" Up
The Spurling Kerrison rongeurs are a specialized surgical instrument used for precise bone removal in confined surgical areas. Its compact 5-inch length allows easy maneuverability in tight spaces, while the thin footplate design improves access to delicate bone structures with reduced tissue disturbance. The sharp cutting jaw supports clean and controlled bone resection.
Applications:
• Spinal surgery for lamina and bone removal
• Orthopedic procedures in narrow surgical fields
• Neurosurgical procedures requiring precise bone trimming
Love Kerrison Rongeur
Love Kerrison Rongeur Up 6"
The Love Kerrison rongeur is a surgical instrument designed for spinal procedures involving precise bone removal to prevent encroachment on the spinal canal. It features a grooved and pinned design that supports strong torque during bone biting while allowing smooth handling in confined surgical spaces. The structure also supports easy inspection and cleaning to maintain hygiene during repeated use.
Applications:
• Spinal surgery for decompression and canal clearance
• Orthopedic procedures involving vertebral bone removal
• Neurosurgical procedures requiring controlled bone trimming
Love Kerrison Rongeur Up 7"
The Love Kerrison rongeur Up 7” is a surgical instrument used in spinal procedures, especially laminectomy, to remove bone and reduce spinal canal encroachment. The design is available in multiple variations to suit different surgical requirements.
Applications:
• Spinal surgery for laminectomy and decompression
• Orthopedic procedures involving vertebral bone removal
• Neurosurgical procedures requiring precise canal clearance
Love Kerrison Rongeur Forward 8"
The Love Kerrison rongeur Forward 8" is a surgical instrument designed for advanced laminectomy and spinal procedures. The instrument uses a scissor-style closing mechanism with hinged ergonomic handles that allow the jaws to close smoothly, and it is available in multiple diameters, including 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, and 5mm.
Applications:
• Spinal laminectomy procedures for bone removal
• Neurosurgical procedures for spinal canal decompression
• Orthopedic spine surgeries requiring controlled bone trimming
Rongeur 10" 40 Degree Down
The Rongeur 10" 40° Down is a surgical instrument designed for controlled bone removal in orthopedic, neurosurgical, and ENT procedures. It features a 10-inch length with 40-degree downward-angled jaws that allow precise access to deep or difficult surgical areas.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone cutting and removal
• Neurosurgical procedures for spinal and cranial bone work
• ENT surgeries requiring access to deep or angled bone structures
Love Kerrison Rongeur 8" 40 degree Down Thin Foot Plate
The Love Kerrison rongeur is a surgical instrument designed for controlled bone removal in orthopedic procedures, especially in complex or deep surgical areas. It features an 8-inch angled shaft with a 40-degree downward orientation that supports precise access to targeted bone surfaces. The thin footplate helps reduce surrounding tissue disturbance, allowing for more delicate bone work.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone removal and trimming
• Spinal procedures requiring access to deep bone structures
• Neurosurgical procedures involving controlled bone cutting
Pin Cutters
Pin Cutters Double Action
The Double Action Pin Cutter is a surgical instrument designed for cutting surgical pins during various orthopedic procedures. It is commonly used in fracture management and hip repair surgeries where precise pin removal or trimming is required.
Applications:
• Orthopedic fracture surgeries for cutting fixation pins
• Hip repair procedures involving pin removal or adjustment
• General orthopedic procedures requiring controlled pin cutting
Double Action Pin Cutter Tungsten Carbide
The Double Action Pin Cutter is a surgical instrument used for cutting and trimming pins and wires during orthopedic procedures. It is designed for controlled cutting with sharp ends that allow clean and precise trimming of surgical hardware.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for cutting fixation pins and wires
• Fracture management procedures involving hardware adjustment
• General surgical procedures requiring trimming of metallic implants
Diamond Pin Cutter 6 1/2" Max 5/64" (2.0mm)
The Diamond Pin Cutter 6 1/2" Max 5/64" (2.0 mm) is a surgical instrument used in orthopedic procedures for cutting and managing fixation pins during bone repair. The design supports the precise cutting of small-diameter pins used in fracture fixation.
Applications:
• Orthopedic fracture surgeries for cutting fixation pins
• Bone repair procedures involving hardware adjustment
• General orthopedic procedures requiring precise pin trimming
Crimper and Pin Cutter 9 1/2" Double Action for 1.5mm 2mm and 2.5mm Pins
The Pin Cutter 9 1/2" Double Action is a designed for the precise cutting of fixation pins during orthopedic procedures. It is compatible with 1.5mm, 2mm, and 2.5mm pins, making it suitable for a range of fracture and bone repair applications. The double-action mechanism provides smooth, controlled cutting with reduced vibration, while curved shanks and a single finger ring improve handling and control.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for cutting fixation pins
• Fracture management procedures involving implant adjustment
• Bone repair surgeries that require precise pin trimming
Large Pin Cutter Detachable Handle
The Dental Explorer 6 Double-Ended is a diagnostic dental instrument used for detecting caries, calculus, plaque deposits, and surface irregularities. It features two precision-sharpened tips that provide high tactile sensitivity for accurate examination of tooth surfaces. The ergonomic handle supports comfortable control, while the stainless steel construction ensures durability, corrosion resistance, and repeated sterilization use.
Applications:
• Detection of caries and enamel irregularities
• Examination of subgingival and supragingival calculus
• Assessment of restoration and sealant margins
Crimper and Pin Cutter 9 1/2" Double Action Slim Grip for 1.2mm, 1.6mm, and 2.0mm Pins
The Crimper and Pin Cutter 9 1/2" Double Action Slim Grip is designed for crimping and cutting fixation pins during orthopedic procedures. It is suitable for 1.2mm, 1.6mm, and 2.0mm pins, offering controlled performance for precise implant handling. The double-action mechanism provides smooth cutting with reduced effort, while the slim grip design supports stable handling during use.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for cutting and crimping fixation pins
• Fracture management procedures involving implant adjustment
• Bone repair procedures that require precise pin handling
Wire Cutters
Wire Cutter Tungsten Carbide
The Wire Cutter is designed for the precise cutting of orthopedic wires with minimal effort. It features tungsten carbide inserts that provide high hardness, durability, and long-lasting sharpness for consistent performance. The double-action mechanism supports smooth, controlled cutting.
Applications:
• Orthopedic and trauma surgery for cutting fixation wires
• Fracture repair procedures involving K-wires and cerclage wires
• Laminectomy procedures that require precise wire trimming
Wire Cutter Double Action Tungsten Carbide
The Wire Cutter Double Action is designed for precise cutting of wires in a perpendicular position during various procedures. Its design allows it to sit flat against the surgical area, enabling accurate trimming of wires to the required length.
Applications:
• Spinal surgeries for cutting and adjusting fixation wires
• Orthopedic procedures involving fracture stabilization wires
• Reconstructive procedures requiring precise wire trimming
Wire Cutter 6 1/2" Tungsten Carbide Replaceable Jaws
The Wire Cutter 6 1/2" with replaceable jaws is designed for wire cutting in orthopedic procedures. It features tungsten carbide replaceable jaws that maintain sharp cutting performance over time.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for cutting fixation wires
• Fracture management involving wire adjustment and removal
• General surgical procedures requiring precise wire trimming
Flush Front & Side Wire Cutter Double Action 7" max .062" (1.6mm)
The Flush Front & Side Wire Cutter Double Action 7" is designed for cutting wires and pins up to 1.6mm in orthopedic procedures. It features a double spring, double-action mechanism that delivers smooth and efficient cutting performance. The flush-cutting design ensures clean cuts without leaving sharp or protruding ends, while the 7-inch length provides stable handling and control.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for cutting fixation wires and pins
• Fracture repair procedures requiring flush wire trimming
• General surgical procedures involving precise wire removal
End Cutter 9 1/2", Double Action
The End Cutter 9 1/2" Double Action is a surgical instrument for the precise flush cutting of wires and pins in orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures. Its end-cutting design allows clean trimming close to bone or tissue while reducing nearby disruption. The double-action mechanism provides strong cutting performance for materials such as K-wires, Steinmann pins, and cerclage wires.
Applications:
• Spinal and neurosurgical procedures for trimming stabilization wires
• Orthopedic surgeries for cutting K wires, pins, and cerclage wires
• Procedures requiring flush cutting near bone or tissue
Plate Benders
Universal Plate Bender
The Universal Plate Bender is an orthopedic surgical instrument designed for accurate contouring of bone plates during fracture fixation procedures. It is made from high-strength stainless steel, providing stability and reliable performance while shaping plates to match anatomical structures. The ergonomic design ensures a secure grip and controlled handling for precise adjustments.
Applications:
• Orthopedic fracture repair for shaping fixation plates
• Bone alignment procedures requiring plate contouring
• General orthopedic surgeries involving implant adjustment
K-Wire Plate Bender
The K-Wire Plate Bender is designed for bending and shaping K wires during various fixation procedures. It features small serrated jaws that provide a firm grip on wires for controlled adjustment and accurate positioning.
Applications:
• Orthopedic fracture fixation using K-wire adjustment
• Bone alignment procedures requiring wire shaping
• General orthopedic surgeries involving implants and wire manipulation
Bone Files
Bone File 11" Convex / Flat Tapered 23mm to 6 mm
The Bone File is a surgical instrument used for the final shaping and smoothing of bone surfaces during orthopedic and reconstructive procedures. It features a convex or flat tapered 6 mm tip blade designed to reduce friction while refining bone edges. The long ergonomic handle provides stable control and a secure grip during use. Made from premium German stainless steel, it is reusable and suitable for repeated sterilization.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for smoothing and shaping bone surfaces
• Plastic and reconstructive surgery for contour refinement
• Rhinoplasty procedures for nasal bone finishing
Bone File 9 3/4" Half-round Blade 3 1/2" X 1/2" With Bayonet Handle
The Bone File 9 3/4" is used for shaping and smoothing bone surfaces in orthopedic and reconstructive procedures. It features a half-round blade that allows controlled contouring of delicate bone areas, along with a serrated surface for refining and finishing bone edges. The ergonomic structure reduces friction during use, while bayonet-style handles provide a stable grip and improved control.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for bone shaping and surface finishing
• Reconstructive procedures for contouring bone structures
• Plastic surgery for refining delicate bone surfaces
Howard Bone File 7'' Double Ended #12A 3mm wide plain and cross serrations
The Howard Bone Double-Ended features two working ends, one straight serrated end for broader bone reduction and one curved serrated end for precise finishing. The textured handle provides a secure grip and controlled handling, while stainless steel construction ensures durability, corrosion resistance, and repeated sterilization use.
Applications:
• Smoothing sharp or irregular bone edges
• Refining bone surfaces after extractions or alveoloplasty
• Orthopedic and dental procedures for bone contouring and finishing
Bone Rasps
Aufricht Glabellar Rasp
The Aufricht Glabella rasps are surgical instruments used in ENT procedures, especially during rhinoplasty. They feature a serrated working end that allows precise access and effective shaping in narrow anatomical areas. The instrument is designed to smooth and refine bone surfaces, supporting accurate contouring during nasal surgery. Made from stainless steel, it is reusable after proper sterilization.
Applications:
• Rhinoplasty procedures for nasal bone shaping and smoothing
• ENT surgeries for contouring narrow bone structures
• Facial reconstructive procedures requiring fine bone refinement
Unger Canal Finder Rasp 11" Curved Phenolic Handle
The Unger Canal Finder Rasp 11" Curved Phenolic Handle is a specialized orthopedic instrument used for enlarging and shaping the medullary canal during surgical procedures. It features a curved, flexible shaft for controlled navigation within the canal and a serrated working end for effective bone preparation. The phenolic handle provides a secure and comfortable grip, supporting precise handling during use.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for medullary canal preparation
• Trauma procedures for bone canal shaping and enlargement
• Reconstructive surgeries requiring controlled intramedullary access
Single-Side Bone Rasp Phenolic Handle
The single-sided bone rasp with a phenolic handle is used for shaping and smoothing bone surfaces during surgical procedures. It features a single-sided working surface that allows controlled bone contouring with accuracy.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgeries for bone shaping and contouring
• Smoothing and refining irregular or rough bone surfaces
• Preparing bone surfaces for implant placement or reconstruction
Single Side Bone Rasp 8" Straight - Flat Tip 0.5"x1.5" Phenolic Handle
The Single-Side Bone Rasp (8" Straight Flat Tip 0.5" × 1.5" ) is a precision orthopedic instrument designed for detailed bone shaping and smoothing during surgical procedures. It features a straight, single-sided working surface with a flat tip that allows accurate and controlled bone contouring.
Applications:
• Orthopedic surgery for precise bone shaping and contouring
• Smoothing and refining irregular bone surfaces
• Preparation of bone for implant placement and reconstruction
Cottle Rasp 8" Straight 7mm Backward Cutting Plain Serrations
The Cottle rasps are surgical instruments used for shaping and smoothing bone and cartilage during nasal reconstructive procedures. They are commonly used in rhinoplasty for controlled rasping and contouring of nasal structures. The serrated tip is designed to support backward cutting action, allowing precise refinement of bone and cartilage surfaces.
Applications:
• Rhinoplasty procedures for nasal bone and cartilage shaping
• Nasal reconstructive surgeries for contour refinement
• ENT procedures requiring controlled bone rasping
Fomon Rasp
The Fomon rasps are surgical instruments used for shaping and smoothing nasal bones during rhinoplasty procedures. They are commonly used for controlled contouring of bone surfaces to achieve precise nasal reconstruction. The instrument is available in multiple variations to suit different surgical needs and applications.
Applications:
• Rhinoplasty procedures for nasal bone shaping and smoothing
• Nasal reconstructive surgeries for contour refinement
• Neurosurgical procedures involving bone surface preparation
Lewis Rasp
The Lewis’s rasp is used in restorative rhinoplasty procedures for shaping and smoothing nasal bones. Its cross-serrated working end allows controlled filing and small, precise cuts on bone surfaces. The instrument is available in multiple variations to support different surgical requirements.
Applications:
• Rhinoplasty procedures for nasal bone shaping and contouring
• Nasal reconstructive surgeries for bone refinement
• ENT procedures involving controlled bone filing
Putti Bone Rasp
The Putti bone rasps are surgical instruments used in nasal procedures, especially rhinoplasty, for shaping and smoothing the nasal bone. The double-ended design features two flat blades that allow controlled filing and refinement of bone surfaces. Their narrow profile supports access to confined areas for precise bone rasping during reconstructive work.
Applications:
• Rhinoplasty procedures for nasal bone shaping and smoothing
• Nasal reconstructive surgeries requiring fine bone contouring
• ENT procedures involving controlled bone filing in narrow spaces
Conclusion:
Surgical instruments are essential tools used across a wide range of medical procedures to support cutting, grasping, retracting, suturing, bone handling, and tissue management. They form the basic working set in operating rooms and are designed to assist surgeons in performing procedures with accuracy and control in different specialties.
At GerMedUSA, we manufacture surgical instruments with a focus on precision, durability, and consistent performance. We do more than supply instruments; we design and produce them, ensuring strict attention to material quality and functional reliability. Along with our standard range, we also offer customized solutions to meet specific surgical requirements and preferences.
Explore the surgical instruments range at GerMedUSA and choose high-quality surgical equipment for your practice.
FAQs
How is a needle holder different from forceps?
A needle holder is designed to securely grip surgical needles during suturing, providing stability and control while stitching tissues. Forceps are used for grasping, holding, or manipulating tissues, vessels, or objects and are not specifically designed for needle control.
What is the difference between a file and a rasp in surgery?
A bone file is used for fine smoothing and finishing of bone surfaces, giving a polished contour after shaping. A rasp has coarser serrations and is used for more aggressive bone shaping and removal.
How do scissors differ from forceps?
Scissors are designed for cutting tissues, sutures, or materials, while forceps are used mainly for holding or grasping without cutting.
What is the difference between retractors and clamps
Retractors are used to hold tissues apart and keep the surgical field open, while clamps are used to compress or occlude blood vessels and tissues.
How is a rongeur different from an osteotome?
A rongeur is used to bite and remove small pieces of bone, while an osteotome is used for controlled cutting or splitting of bone using force.
What is the difference between a pin cutter and a wire cutter?
A pin cutter is designed for cutting surgical pins of specific diameters, while a wire cutter is used for trimming wires such as K-wires or cerclage wires.
How does a needle driver differ from a needle holder?
Both terms are often used interchangeably, but in some contexts, a needle driver may include additional grip or cutting features, while a needle holder focuses mainly on securely holding the needle for suturing.
What is the difference between retractors like Gelpi and Weitlaner?
Gelpi retractors are self-retaining with pointed tips for deep tissue exposure, while Weitlaner retractors use multiple prongs to hold tissues apart in shallow to moderate surgical fields.
